Showing posts with label Predestination. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Predestination. Show all posts

Wednesday, December 20, 2017

Paul's Letter to the Ephesians - An Introduction

           LISTEN! to the Introduction on: SOUNDCLOUD!

       Ephesians
Paul’s Greatest Church Planting Success
 20 December 2017
Archdale church of Christ – Russ McCullough
Lesson #2 – Introduction


1.     Both the author and the recipient are clearly S______________ in 1.1.
2.     This Letter to the Ephesians was actually the _______ letter of Paul as we know from 3.1 – 4.  The referenced letter is lost to history by the W_____ of the H__________ S______________.
3.     The city of Ephesus was likely the _______ largest city in the Roman Empire and had an estimated population of _______________ or more based upon the _______________ seat capacity theater.
4.     Ephesus was the capital of the Roman province of A___________.
5.     Many early manuscripts do not contain the name of “Ephesus,” and is a likely an indication of the fact that the book, like others, was ENCYLICAL which literally means: __________________________________________.
6.     Our English word “encyclical” was first used in ca. ___________ and originates from both the Latin and Greek languages.  Latin: encyclicus.  Greek: enkyklios.  Both words mean the same: en (in) + cyclicus / kyklios (circle).  Our common English usage means: “a letter written to each member of a singular group by rotation one to another.”
7.     We know from history that it was common practice that once a letter was R__________ to the congregation, it would be C__________ before the A__________________ was sent to the next congregation.  This constant “passing around” wore the original A____________ out almost immediately.
8.     By the “encyclical method,” each congregation over time would have a L____________ of all the New Testament books.
9.     This “encyclical” model was adopted on the American Frontier by the practice of C______________ R____________ P_________________.
10. This was “standard operating procedure” in the 1st century church of Christ as we see from Colossians 4.16 and also seen in Paul’s letters to Timothy, Titus, and Philemon.  It is most clearly stated in the Book of R_____________ where the E____________ List is stated precisely.
11. From Acts 28 we know that Paul was imprisoned in Rome ca. 0060.  From here in prison Paul wrote what have come to be known as the P_________ E____________, one of which is Ephesians.  We know this from 6.18 – 20.
12. The first mention of the church of Christ in Ephesus was in Acts 18 while A__________ and P_____________.  There they converted A____________.  It is only after this in Acts 19 that P ______ comes to the great city.
13. Ephesus was a great S____________ on the C___________River.  (Centuries later Ephesus was abandoned when silt filled the harbor.)  She was of great economic prowess and competed with the great cities of R___________, A_____________ of P___________, A_____________ , A___________ of S__________, C__________________and C_______________for prominence in the ancient world.
14.  Ephesus as renowned as a great religious center and was home to the temple to the goddess A____________ or as the Romans called here, D____________.  This temple was one of the 7 Wonders of the Ancient World.  There was a booming tourist trade where S__________ artisans sold S_______________ of the goddess for the gullible to take back home.
15.  Paul met with such success in Ephesus that he stayed here about ______ years.  For the first ______ months he preached at the J____________ S_______________.  After being “asked to leave” he spoke daily for 2 years at the L______________ Hall of T___________________.
16. The letter to the Ephesians is a didactic book in New Testament genre.  A didactic book is one centered in D____________.  “Didactic” means “…designed or intended to T__________.”  The English form of this word was first used ca. 1658 and comes to us from the Greek word didakticos which means “A_____ to T____________.”
17. After Paul’s 3-year service, T______________ was sent by Paul for “perhaps a year and a half” to deal with F_________ D_____________ being taught primarily by H______________ and A________________
(I Timothy 1.3, 20) During Timothy’s tenure the congregation was burdened with “F____________ and endless G_______________.”              (I Timothy 1.4)
18. The Ephesians also wrestled with “forbidding of M______________ and A________________ from certain F____________.” (I Timothy 4.3)
19. The letter to the Ephesians has two distinct parts.  The first 3 chapters deal almost exclusively with D_____________ while the last 3 deals almost exclusively with C________________ L____________.
20. These issues came about as these former P______________ and worshippers of A_________________ came into the faith and practice of Christianity.
21. In the ongoing years the congregation O__________________ and became so doctrinally rigid that 36 years later Christ Himself said in Revelation 2 that they had “L__________ their F___________ L___________.”
22. Two key doctrines covered by Paul in this letter are: 1) The M_____________ of the church, and, 2) The B___________ of Jesus Christ.  The book also has much to say about God’s C________________.

Reference: MacArthur, John (The MacArthur Bible Handbook, Thomas Nelson & Co)., 2003, pg. 399 - 402


                                   ANSWER GRID:


1                                                              1.   Stated
2.     2nd, Will of the Holy Spirit
3.     2nd, 250,000 / 25,000
4.     Asia
5.     “In wheel”
6.     1656
7.     Read, Copied, Autograph, Autograph
8.     Library
9.     Circuit Rider Preachers
10. Revelation, Entire
11. Prison Epistles
12. Aquilla & Priscilla, Apollos, Paul
13. Seaport, Cayster, Rome, Antioch, Pisidia, Alexandria, Antioch, Syria, Carthage, Corinth
14. Artimes, Diana, Silver, Statuettes
15. Three, Six, Jewish Synagogue, Lecture, Tyrannus
16. Doctrine, Teaching, Apt, Teach
17. Timothy, False Doctrine, Hymenaeus, Alexander, Fables, Geneologies
18. Marriage, Abstinence, Foods
19. Doctrine, Christian Living
20. Pagan, Artimes
21. Overcompensated, Lost, First Love
22. Mystery, Blessings, Character

Friday, March 2, 2012

Ahab, God and Free Will in I Kings 22


We live in perilous times.  Will massive debt destroy the world’s economy for decades to come?  Will nuclear war break out between Iran and Israel?  Will an autocratic Chinese empire arise to dominate the nations?  Will radical Islam sweep the Middle East, Africa and Europe back into the middle ages?  Will there be enough food and water to sustain the growing billions of people on earth?

Though these are serious and sobering questions before us, they all pale in comparison to our MOST pressing issue; is Jesus Christ truly “the way, the truth and the life?”  More importantly, is He the ONLY way to the Father?  Everyone MUST answer these questions!  Is there a God in heaven or is there not?  Is Jesus Christ the one and only Son of God or is He not?  Did Jesus Christ rise from the dead or did He not?  Does the Holy Bible contain “all things pertaining to life and godliness” or does it not?  Will there be a Day of Judgment when “we will all stand before the Judgment Seat of Christ and give an account of all deeds done in the flesh both good and evil” or not?  And finally, we must all ask the ultimate question; “What must I do to be saved?” OR… are we not going to ask that question, assuming that heaven and hell are nothing more than ancient superstitions?

As we contemplate these questions, we must also come to grips with yet another question.  If there is a God in Heaven and we stand condemned as sinners before Him, has He clearly warned us of our condition?  Has He plainly articulated His plan of salvation for us in His Word or is He enticing us to sin and be lost?  Among many examples in the Bible, I Kings 22 is an outstanding example of just how far God goes to warn even the most wicked of men. 

As we contemplate our eternal destinies we are all witnesses to a great and powerful drama being played out in the public square on a daily basis in all forms of media.  The “Prophets of Darwin” and the “Prophets of God” engage daily in a dramatic debate for the hearts, minds and souls of each of us.  Who is speaking truth?  Who is speaking falsehood?  We are there, as is were, while the Zedikiah’s and the Miciah’s of our day dramatically debate for souls…just like they did in front of King’s Ahab and Jehoshaphat as they decided to go up to Ramoth-Gilead…or not…and battle the Arameans.  Decide right and live or decide wrong and die…the stakes could not have been higher!  Today, God’s detractors mockingly ask “how could a loving God ever send anyone to hell?”  Those same mockers chide the faithful with the assertion that God Himself lied to Ahab, deceived Ahab and tricked Ahab into going up the Ramoth-Gilead where he met his death.  Did God lie to Ahab?  Did God “trick” Ahab?  Did God “conspire” against Ahab?  Did God turn Ahab’s 400 prophets into lying robots?  And…most importantly…did God rob Ahab, Zedekiah and the 400 false prophets of their free will?
 
We will show conclusively that God did none of these things and in fact redundantly extended grace, life, mercy and salvation to these men redundantly!  


Before we answer the questions at hand; “Did God lie to Ahab?”  “Did God “trick” Ahab?”  “Did God “conspire” against Ahab?”  “Did God turn Ahab’s 400 prophets into lying robots?”  And…most importantly…”did God rob Ahab, Zedekiah and the 400 false prophets of their free will?” we should first look at this passage in it’s original cultural context.

What do you think of when you run across the term “drama?”  Today, drama, either live or on the screen is considered entertainment…period.  Was this always so?  Absolutely not.  In Ahab’s day “drama” was a highly sophisticated form of communication.  When kings needed to make major decisions, competing choices were dramatized before the ruler(s) by the promoters of the opposing choices.  In Israel and Judah these dramas took on a special spiritual significance.  The opposing proponents were members of competing prophetic communities, each claiming to speak for God Himself.  We refer to such occasions as “prophetic dramas.”  The scene of I Kings 22 is such a prophetic drama.  On the one side was King Ahab’s hand picked party of 400 royal staff prophets who somehow always managed to prophesy whatever the king wanted to hear.  They were, to borrow a New Testament phrase, “ear ticklers.”   On the other side was a one lone prophet, Miciah.  Instead of speaking what the king wanted to hear, he spoke only the “words of the Lord.”

Prophetic dramas are often found in the pages of the Old Testament.  The first such drama plays out in front of Pharaoh with his “magicians” on the one side with Moses and Aaron on the other.  The prophet Daniel took part in several such dramas in front of his Babylonian captors.  Two other prophetic dramas come to mind as well, Elijah vs. the Prophets of Baal in I Kings 19 and Hananiah vs. Jeremiah in Jeremiah 28.  Commenting on this form of spiritual communication, Wurthwein and Rufe’ conclude that the prophetic drama “…helps scholars determine how classical prophesy debated such theological issues as true vs. false prophesy and the character of the worthy prophet.”[1]  In 1982, R. Goldenberg observed that; “….rabbinical texts attempted to explain the problem of two prophets (or groups of prophets RM) (ostensibly) possessing God’s Word, yet only one of them being worthy of obedience.”[2]  Goldenberg further observes;

“It is not enough to identify the prophet sent by the Lord.  You must also know WHY the Lord has sent the prophet and the result of the prophesy in question that it was designed to produce.”[3]

Far from being an entrapment of Ahab, Zedikiah and the 400 staff prophets, the events of I Kings 22 represent the extreme bounds of God’s mercy and grace towards those who are in sin.

 We now will answer the questions at hand; “Did God lie to Ahab?”  “Did God “trick” Ahab?”  “Did God “conspire” against Ahab?”  “Did God turn Ahab’s 400 prophets into lying robots?”  And…most importantly…”did God rob Ahab, Zedekiah and the 400 false prophets of their free will?”  No, no, no, no and… no!

A predestination Calvinist would, however, answer in the affirmative.  A Calvinist, among other things, denies the fact that men and women have free will.  In fact, they claim, every soul is “predestined” by God for salvation or damnation…and…nothing can ever changes one eternal destiny.  In other words, a Calvinist would state emphatically that Ahab, Zedikiah and the 400 royal prophets were damned to perdition without ANY hope of salvation.  Such WOULD be the case “IF” God’s conversation in the Heavens was concealed from Ahab, Zedikiah and the 400 royal prophets.
 
The FACT that God’s conversation regarding Ahab and the “lying prophets” (Zedikiah was their leader and spokesman) was TOLD to them by Miciah in his prophetic drama in order to warn them, plead with them and beg them NOT to go up to Ramoth-gilead…is CLEAR evidence that not only did these men retain their free will but God was yearning for their repentance!  His warnings were overt, numerous and extremely clear.  Only when they reject the counsel of Miciah do they incur judgment.  They were warned over and over NOT to go up to Ramoth-gilead…but…they went anyway, rejecting Miciah and God Himself.

In many ways, life is a drama.  Sometimes we play the part of Ahab.  Sometimes we play the part of Zedikiah.  Sometimes we are Miciah.  More often than not, I suppose, we play the part of Jehoshaphat, an otherwise Godly man who makes no attempt to address Ahab’s spiritual bankruptcy…a spectator who “went with the flow.” 

The main character in this prophetic drama, however, was God Himself.  He made sure that ALL of these people had overwhelming access to the truth.  His mercy, grace and love are evident at every turn so that even men as evil as Ahab had ample opportunity for repentance.  Too bad that he, Zedikiah and the 400 royal prophets did not have “ears to hear.”  Let’s pay more attention to our own life’s drama that is playing out.  The “final curtain” may fall sooner than we expect!  Today, we are without excuse before God for He has given us His Word, a Word that is full, from cover to cover, with account after account of His warnings of judgment to come for those who reject Him.  It is also full, from cover to cover, of His love, mercy and grace that is available to all those who “trust and obey!”  As the song says; “Trust and obey, for there is no other way, to be happy in Jesus, but to trust and obey!”
  
Friend, if you are not a Christian, you can become one today!  “And now, why do you wait?  Rise and be baptized and wash away your sins, calling on His name.” – Acts 22.16 (ESV)  If you are an unfaithful Christian, you can be restored.  “If we confess our sins, He is faithful and just to forgive our sins, and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness.” – I John 1.9 (ESV) Another familiar song has this refrain; “Why do you wait dear brother?  The harvest is passing away, the Savior is longing to bless you, there’s danger and death in delay!”  We’ve been warned, no one has to go up to Ramoth-gilead and lose both life and soul…and neither did Ahab.

- Russ McCullough 


[1] Paul R. House (The New American Commentary – I & II Kings, Vol. 8, Nashville, TN, Broadman and Holman Publishers, 1995)  pg, 237, paragraph 2
[2] Ibid. pg. 237, paragraph 3
[3] R. Goldenberg (“The Problem of False Prophesy; Talmudic Interpretations of Jeremiah 28 and I Kings 22,” in The Biblical Mosaic Changing Perspectives, ed. R. M. Poszin and E. Rothman, Philadelphia: Fortress, 1982) as quoted in Ibid. pg. 237, paragraph 3

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